Mass Media s Influence On The Development Of Aggressive...

Mass Media Violence The advent of mass media, and its various forms such as television, computer and video games means that people, and especially children and teenagers, are increasingly being exposed to higher doses violent and aggressive content. In many nations across the world, television showcases approximately four acts of violent behavior per hour and this is even much more elevated when it comes to video and computer games. Since majority of children spend most of their time in front of the television or playing video and computer games, these types of media play a dominant and significant role in the lives and may greatly impact on the development of aggressive behavior. Thus, despite other environmental and economic factors†¦show more content†¦To better understand the concept of aggravated assault, it is important to first distinguish it from simple assault. Simple assault is a threat or a mere willful attempt to inflict injury to another parson. Therefore, an in dividual might commit simple assault without necessarily striking, touching, or harming the other person’s body. Injury or bodily harm in simple assault should not cause disability or severe physical harm. Thus, the degree of force necessary in simple assault could be anything from a slap or a shove to slightly lower that the great bodily harm that is needed to distinguish aggravated assault (Hess, Orthmann, Cho, 2016). Therefore, based on the severity of aggravated assault, it is punished more severely than simple assault. Can you describe some of the instances that might amount to aggravated assault? Aggravated assault manifests itself in four different levels. When the act is committed with premediated and intentional malice to commit serious bodily injury, then it amounts to first degree aggravated assault. Second degree aggravated assault occurs when the act was committed without intent of premeditation while third and fourth degree aggravated assault entails attempts t o cause significant rather than serious bodily harm as in the case of fist fights. However, the charges for all these types of aggravated assault are pretty high. The penaltiesShow MoreRelatedMass Media Is An Integral Part Of Everyday Life989 Words   |  4 PagesMass media is an integral part of everyday life. Society depends on the various forms of media for information, education, and personal entertainment. Mass media positively and negatively influences beliefs, values, and expands knowledge to bring awareness to various social events. Media also impacts the way children and adolescences understanding of violence, racism, suicide, aggression, and sexual stereotyping. If viewing these portrayals is accepted, then mass media does in fact negativelyRead MoreMass Media And Its Effect On Our Lives1286 Words   |  6 Pagessays, â€Å"Decades of study of media influence have shown one thing: the public’s awareness of and interest in a topic is directly related to the am ount of attention that topic receives in the media. In other words, the mass media affect what subjects people think about. However, it has not been shown that the media influence just how people think about these topics† (Mass Media). Have you ever wondered how much mass media can affect your life without knowing it? Mass media are not only important becauseRead MoreThe Impact Of Mass Media On Youth And Society1378 Words   |  6 PagesThe Impact of Mass Media on the Youth and Society Nowadays, the issue of mass media has caused much debate in the modern society, as well as mass media is becoming more important as a component that negatively affects the behavior of young people. There are many other factors, such as micro-environment, economic instability, the decline of moral values affecting children and young people and encourage them to commit unlawful acts. However, unlimited access to the Internet, mobile phone use in theRead MoreViolent Media And The Aggressive Generation1116 Words   |  5 PagesMatthew Taylor Ms. Cowburn AP Language 12 June 2017 Violent Media and The Aggressive Generation It Has Established The creation of visual and active forms of media has caused debate and discussion over the effects it has on the brain. The effects of media on the brain are of concern regarding children specifically, as their minds are still developing. Questions of the severity and impact have intrigued parents, scientists, and lawmakers. The first committee on this issue, the Surgeon GeneralsRead MoreThe Effects Of Rap Music On Social Behavior Essay1693 Words   |  7 Pagestoday, it is highly noticed that the role of rap music messages and video images of violence causes an increase in negative emotions, thoughts and behaviors which could lead to violence amongst youth. Rap music has been at the center of concern in regards to the potential harmful effect of violent media on social behavior amongst youth. This potential behavior could be seen in the music video titled â€Å"Kim† by Eminem. In this music video, the storyline, language and sound encourages hostile thoughts andRead MoreMedi a s Influence On Our Attitudes And Behavior Essay1313 Words   |  6 PagesIn our society, the mass media have enormous influence on our attitudes and behavior, and what we see shapes our views and our living. In the 21st century, children are digital consumers, who using TV, computers, gaming systems, as well as smartphones and tablets. Once the baby enters the world he or she is surrounded by media devices. The average American child, age 2-17, watches 25 hours of TV per week, plays 1 hr per day of video or computer games, and spends an additional 36 min per day on theRead More The Negative Impact of Exposing Children to Media Violence Essay1448 Words   |  6 PagesThe Negative Impact of Exposing Children to Media Violence On April 20, 1999 at Columbine High School, 13 people were killed and another 23 were wounded in one of the worst school killing incidents ever (Skeesis). Since the 1980s, overall homicide rates in the U.S. have declined. However, homicide rates for ages 14-17 have increased quite dramatically during this time period (Fox). Among other numerous potential causes, violence in the media may play a role in this increase in youth violenceRead MoreThe Impact Of Media On Child Development1510 Words   |  7 Pagesthe past decades, at an alarming rate in the United States. The top three leading causes between adolescent and youths are unintentional injury (accidents), homicide and suicide according to the World Health Organization. Media and entertainment play a huge part in child development, as technology has seemed to overpower today’s generation. Nearly, forty percent of the human populations have access to an Internet connection at home via any device type and connection, when i n 1995; it was less than oneRead MoreHow Children Acquire Aggressive Reponses649 Words   |  3 PagesChildhood Aggression Many studies found frustration, various drugs, beliefs, traits and provocation are some influences that effect childhood aggression. Archer (1991) concentrated on biological influence such as norepinephrine, serotonin, cortisol and testosterone. This brief will focus on several theories that elevate aggression and can be positively modified by family and environment. Aggression was defined by Volavka Citrome (1999) as, a physical behaviour that causes psychological or physicalRead MoreThe Effects Of Media On Children And Young People1498 Words   |  6 Pagesthis incident the deadliest mass shooting at a high school or grade school in U.S. history. It may seem ridiculous to think that this was derived from video games. The Daily News reported that Lanza had many video games in his house promoting mass murder, school shootings, and gun violence, which police believed helped to inspire Lanza’s, â€Å"sick, game-style high score†. The release of this evidence contri buted to a continuing debate on the extent of the effects of media on children and young people

Salem Witchcraft Essay - 2617 Words

Salem Witchcraft Witchcraft accusations and trials in 1692 rocked the colony of Salem Massachusetts. There are some different views that are offered concerning why neighbors decided to condemn the people around them as witches and why they did what they did to one another. Carol Karlsen in her book The Devil in the Shape of a Woman and Bernard Rosenthal in Salem Story give several factors, ranging from woman hunting to shear malice, that help explain why the Salem trials took place and why they reached the magnitude that they did. The theories put fourth by Karlsen of a society that accusations against women as witches explain the trail, and Rosenthals ideas of discourse in the community are supported or partially disproved by†¦show more content†¦He stooped down to pick up the rake or pitchfork to strike her, when she vanished.†2 The slave testified against her as a witch, and even though she was not convicted of witchcraft this earlier trial demonstrates that Bridget was previou sly suspected of witchcraft. Besides being accused of witchcraft earlier Bishop also had some other characteristics that helped mark her as a witch. Karlsen points out that many witches, including Bishop, where accused of witchcraft only a year or two after they had become widows.3 The loss of her husband leaves Bishop without a male protector for a bit of time and allows for more accusations to come up against her. Bishop’s husbands passing gives her power that Puritan women don’t usually have. Bridget was granted the write, â€Å"for the sale of the land aforesaid unto Mr. Daniel Eppes.†4 This action shows how Bridget Bishop was not in the usual role of women because she was in control of some property and was able to use some power over that land. Women in Puritan society where expected to be married and to help their husbands. Karlsen points out that Puritan women where expected to fit into certain rolls in which they should be submissive.5 If a woman did not fit into the roll of the Puritan woman then she had a better chance of being accused of witchcraft. Bridget Bishop did not fit the perfect vision of women that the PuritansShow MoreRelatedWitchcraft and Piritan Salem Essay723 Words   |  3 Pagespsychological aspect of witch naming in Puritan America during the Salem outbreak. The theory that economics and a threat to the smooth transition of inheritance could be the basis for a good number of witch naming incidents is presented and supported by Karlsen. It is her contention that women who stood to inherit and lacked a male figure, husband, brother, son or father, in their life, were charged with the crime of witchcraft. A conviction would mean that authorities could seize their propertyRead MoreThe Motive For The Salem Witchcraft940 Words   |  4 Pages Witchcraft is a subject in American History that has kept historians intrigued for ages. Nevertheless, this volatile topic addresses many questions of how women are perceived during this hectic and forbidding time. A person did not have to be a murderer or a thief to be consumed with fear during this time. Unfortunately, fear could be present simply due to their jealous neighbor, or the fact that they had an abundance of land. The violence against women, and a few men, brought out anxiety for theRead MoreSalem Witch Trials : Witchcraft Essay1107 Words   |  5 PagesSalem Witch Trials Witchcraft has been around since the B.C. era, but erupted in the late 1600s. It began in Europe and eventually made its way to the New World. Witchcraft is believing in and the use of practical magic, such as casting spells, calling on spirits, or predicting the future. Witchcraft is derived from the Anglo-Saxon word, â€Å"wicce,† meaning wise. Therefore, it translates into â€Å"craft of the wise.† Wise people were those who were familiar with natures’ forces and were educated when itRead MoreThe Hysteria of Salem Witchcraft Essay910 Words   |  4 PagesThe Hysteria of Salem Witchcraft Although there has been a long history of witchcraft, the main concentration is from the periods of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. In the British North American colonies alone there were over 100 witchcraft trials alone, were 40 percent of the accused were executed. Now two professors, Carol F. Karlsen of history and Kai T. Erikson of sociology, examine the Salem Witchcraft Hysteria to see if it was caused by a fear of women and give two entirelyRead MoreSalem Witchcraft Trials : The Salem Witch Trials1723 Words   |  7 Pages2015 Salem Witchcraft Trials The Salem Witch Trials took place in colonial Massachusetts within modern day town Danvers and continued from sixteen ninety-two to sixteen ninety-three. The â€Å"Witchcraft Craze† rippled throughout Europe and included the events at Salem Village. This craze lasted from the thirteen hundreds to the sixteen hundreds and was caused by many religious reasons. More than two hundred people were accused of witchcraft, the â€Å"devil’s magic,† and twenty were executed in Salem TownRead MoreWitchcraft Hysteria Of Salem, Massachusetts891 Words   |  4 Pagesconvictions and 19 executions of witches that took place in Salem, Massachusetts beginning in 1691 (Orr, September 30, 2015). Though the causes of the mania are still hotly debated even today, the primary cause of the witchcraft hysteria that captivated Salem, Massachusetts in the 1690’s was socioeconomic tensions within the community. The town of Salem was actually split up into two distinctly separate settlements. The village of Salem was characterized by farmers who depended heavily, if not exclusivelyRead MoreThe Salem Witchcraft Trials Essay826 Words   |  4 Pages The Salem Witchcraft Trials of 1692 were the largest outbreak of witch hunting in colonial New England up to that time. Although it was the largest outbreak, it was not something that was new. Witch-hunting had been a part of colonial New England since the formation of the colonies. Between the years 1648 to 1663, approximately 15 witches were executed. During the winter of 1692 to February of 1693, approximately 150 citizens were accused of being witches and about 25 of those died, either byRead MoreEncephalitis Lethargica vs Witchcraft in Salem993 Words   |  4 Pagesearly 1692 Salem village, Massachusetts began to experience strange occurrences among their residents. Victims suffered from strange mental and physical illnesses. The random ness of the victims, and their unusual symptoms, led residents to suspect a supernatural explanation. These suspicions eventually led to the infamous Salem Witch Trials. Past historians have concentrated their research on the accused, while Laurie Winn Carlson focuses on the afflicted in her novel, A Fever in Salem: A New InterpretationRead MoreWitchcraft Trials And The Salem Witch Trials893 Words   |  4 PagesThe Salem witchcraft trials took place in colonial Massachusetts between February 1692 and May 1693. The news of witches began to spread in Salem when a group of young girls gathered together in the kitchen of the Reverend Samuel Parris with his Indian slave named Tituba to experiment with witchcraft. After these young girls began to portray unusual behavior the village doctor came to the scene and diagnosed the girls to be possessed by the devil. The news of the presence of witches spread throughoutRead MoreCotton Mather And Salem Witchcraft Trials1033 Words   |  5 Pag es Cotton Mather and the Salem Witchcraft Trials American Literature reveals that because of Cotton Mather’s writings there is knowledge of the Salem witchcraft trials in 1692. The research shows that most of the known stories and trials come from Cotton Mather. This essay will describe Cotton Mather, the Salem witchcraft Trials, and an insight on the information provided by Mather. Like his father before him, Cotton Mather took position as a pastor of the Second Church of Boston where he remained

John Currin Exhibition Essay Example For Students

John Currin Exhibition Essay In His painting called Hobo (1999) exhibited at MOCA, Museum of Comtemporay Art) Downtown San Diego, the size of the painting was about 3 feet by 2 feet, a moderate-sized canvas paintings.. Framed with thick wooden round frames painted in creamy white color, presenting a naive, child-like object that is just harmless approach to the viewers perhaps asking for the acceptance of his work as a childs play. However, the subject matter he decides to depict in his paintings makes the viewers wonder if the artist is a sexist. In his figure of woman whom he portrays as voluptuous yet somewhat not in proportion, anatomically impossible human figures which tells me that the artist is inspired by Hollywood, run way models, His main interest seems to be woman, especially breasts. Most of the shapes in his painting Hobe seems to assimilate the shape of womans breasts. The waves in her hair the bag shes carrying and the most obviously the small yellow bag thats attached to the wooden stick that shes holding with delicate touch. The womans arms are so thin and they are almost as thin as the stick which seems to give the fragile image of women. The color of this paining is quite extraordinary, not very modernistic. He seems to imitate the styles of taken in the styles from old Renaissance painters such as Michaelangelo and Leonardo Da Vinci. The texture of the painting is seems to generate the feeling of age and tradition yet the subject matter is so contemporary. the title Hobo seems to be miss representing the glamorous image of the women. Shes wearing what seems to be silk laungerie and gold chained jewelry around her waist. Her face is well made, rosy cheeks with red lipstick. Her facial expression gives an impression that shes enjoying being in her own world. Spaced out look she seems shes somewhat delighted about something. Her fair skin complexion tells that she has not been outside for a long time. It seems too perfect to be labeled as hobo. Currins infatuation with womens figure was perhaps because of how out modern culture views how the body of women should be and he place them in a traditional setting by placing them back in the time of Da Vinci, he does this so by imitating his style, the dreamy colors he picks to portray his subjects. His painting certainly seems to challenge the notion that painting can act as an authority, making people uncomfortable. His inspiration of painting seems to be produced from Hollywood glamour, image-obsessed culture, American pinup girls, More often these nudes are delicate sexual provocations and slipping uncannily back and forth between memories of highly paid American fashion models with pinup girl pasts to the supernatural beauty of Renaissance Venuses or the sinister sexuality of Renaissance Eves. Hobo re-create the traditional religious figure of Saint Christopher who fords a stream with infant Christ on his shoulder.Unlike the traditional figurative paintings of women done by Michaelangelo or Leonardo Da Vinci, Currins paintings

Expanding Technology and Dynamic Market †Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: How to Do Expanding Technology and Dynamic Market? Answer: Introducation: Increasing competition in market, expanding technology and dynamic market are all pushing every organization forcefully to either improve or perish? Organizations are hence, under tremendous strain to alter their status quo in to something that is future ready. For every organization, thus; it is important to bring on board new leaders who as visionaries are ready to take the organization to next level. It is thus the onus of HR to build the leaders for future today. Amidst all these complex environments, the role and responsibility of HR in an organisation is very challenging as they have to deal with the policies and setups brought forward by the organisation (Dickmann et al. 2016). It is crucial for the management to recruit employees who are capable of delivering quality output that can enhance the business prospect for the organisation. HR is always on lookout for ways to build leadership capabilities. The HR initiative selected for the project is Leadership Development Programm e The project shall cover aspects like steps to creating the leadership development programme, time-period that shall be involved, what would be the necessary stages for its implementation, benefits it should provide the organization on its implementation, cost benefit analysis, ROI analysis, an evaluation plan to check its effectiveness. The Leadership Development programme or LDP will be focussed on creating a difference in capability of deserving candidates to build new skills, uncover their potential for leadership and also, take up new roles which would be instrumental in providing new direction to the functional workforce (Hong et al. 2016, p. 687) For the project, have selected a skill development organization in Singapore called G-Tec Computer Education Centre. It is an organization which provides quality education in Information Technology sector. The organization focusses on collaborating with Govt. under its various skill development programmes. Skill development programmes are an offering by the Govt. to the youth of the nation to upskill itself. There are various programmes for which skill development programmes are rolled out and for this private organizations join hand with Govt. to implement such programmes at grass root levels (Ehnert et al. 2016, p 91). Skill development organizations need to reach out to the youth, they must follow the parameters set by the Govt. in running the programme and training. Students are selected, training is conducted and finally placed into mainstream organizations. The youth gets employment at the end of the programme, sometimes even monetary benefits or other benefits when attending t he programme. The organizations receive payment from the Govt. after verifying the outcomes achieved. (To get paid for running the programme, Govt. applies certain terms and conditions to verify the outcome post which the payment is made) For such programmes, it needs to branch in to various locations with successful managers to manage the centres and its operations. There is importance of a leadership programme in the organization so that responsible heads are created for managing the operations and successful implementation and running of projects taken up by G-Tec Computer Education Centre. Currently, the organization faces challenges in getting the right people to look for good locations where youth could be mobilized, manage different centres, arrange for the day to day activities, prepare reports, trusting the designated person with money to run the business and lot of various issues to consider. Presently, there is need for constant guidance by the top management so that the centres are running appropriately. However, the fact that management people are not always available to look into such issues and indulge into them is a reality with expanding business (Chiang et al. 2017, p. 241). Hence a lot of people provided with the opportunity to run the business flee and there is high turnover ratio specifically in the centre manager positions. A proper leadership programme, if put in place for the organization, would assist the management to follow a set path to building responsibility into people and prepare them for the role (Namboothiri, 2016, p. 47). It would also assist the person designated as centre manager to be mentally and skill wise prepared for the role and the job responsibilities, would be able to conduct them and become beneficial to the organization in the long run and take up further new leadership roles. To build the case, a team was prepared which included the HR leader, Finance manager, a financial analyst from his team, a recruiter from HR team, Director of Operations and a consultant in organization development. All the team members in the committee gathered for discussion on the ongoing issue of high turnover of the position and related leadership positions at various times during a fiscal year. All agreed that the problem must be curbed and that a leadership programme if put in place would be a good platform to promote the loyal employees in the organization who have potential with mentorship as well as for new recruits with some exposure and experience into similar tasks into taking over the position with minimum time investment. The most recent HR data showed that the employee turnover ratio (voluntary) across divisions was 38%. Expense that was caused owing to the 38% employee attrition rate was calculated. It came down to basic four actions that followed post resignation from an employee voluntarily: Employee departure formalities (full and final payments, letter issuance, removing Employee ID from payroll etc.) Replacement recruitment Induction and training of the new recruit Conducting additional tasks by team members till the new recruit is ready There after the above four tasks were further broken down to direct and indirect tasks conducted by various team members in the process. In total, there were about 20 operations found out to be associated with an employees resignation. It was decided that a change needed to take place in TD format of HR and two types of training programs could be used. One needed to be customized as per new recruits and another for employees who are in the system. The financial analyst along with HR recruiter worked on the available data both from Finance and HR teams tried to calculate the costs associated with each resignation. They found out that the cost summed up to about 30% of the compensation of the employee. Furthermore, the review of the entire data revealed that for the 38% attrition caused, the annual compensation amounted to about $116681.02. At 30% compensation, the value stood at $35004 per year. It was then decided by the committee, the HR initiative for Leadership Development programme under TD should be introduced with the new training patterns to arrest the challenges currently being faced by the organization. That should lead to: Improved leadership with understanding of jobs and responsibilities that would be coming along Better induction and on boarding processes Better training Training focussed on sharpening skills required to fulfil responsibilities Important impartation of skills of presentation required for preparing reports and sending across suited to success of programme Human resource management of an organisation is responsible for hiring employees with appropriate skills and knowledge as it is essential or the organisation towards achieving a bigger goal. From recruitment to training, the management has to explore various segments to prepare the candidates accordingly. In addition to this, the human resource management is equally responsible to monitor the progress of the employees and track their performance. This helps them to understand the working patterns of the employee and accordingly strategize the developmental process. Cost-Benefit analysis As discussed by Boadway, (2016), the new Leadership Development programme would prove to be salient in the long run. However, training and leadership programmes implementation would incur certain cost for G-Tec Computer Education Centre. G-Tec Computer Education Centre used ROI and utility analysis to convert the benefits it would get out of implementing the leadership programme into numbers. Apart from direct and apparent cost, there would still be other costs. Costs during TNA, compensate the program designers, purchasing the training materials, media procurement like interactive training content, chart papers, handouts, computers, props etc. (Sturzenegger et al. 2016, p. 9). Apart from that, the training fees, facility cost, rental of training venue, trainer fees etc. Finally, the cost that would be incurred during training period in terms of loss of working hours, if boarding or lodging services would be required by participants, an also non-reusable training items (Sardi et al. 2017, p. 459). As stated by Nas, (2016), some of the long term and short term benefits Vis a Vis the investment/cost required in the LDP programme are, Overall improvement in behaviour of the top line More result oriented Focussed towards achieving the companys goals and objectives Leaders are better able to work on team cohesion and performance Leaders are more self-aware and work with transparency and authenticity Stability as the interventions of these sort keep them motivated and the motivation flows from them to team members Better managers, good mentorship, better prepared for job Improved governance and control on internal processes Better decision making and collaboration techniques Good documentation and suggestions in day to day operations Smoother implementation of ideas on leadership level It is important to remember, Value = Benefits-Costs. So, costs and benefits for implementing the LDP in the organization could be summarized as below: Costs Benefits Quantifiable Cost: a. Direct b. Indirect c. Initial d. Sustainment e. Procurement Benefits derived from quantifiable and non-quantifiable costs like quality, quicker response time etc. (Feuillette et al. 2016, p. 83). Non-quantifiable: a. Health b. Perception c. Opportunities d. Risks e. Political Financial benefits: a. Better ROI b. Avoidance of loss c. Faster break-even point Non-financial benefits: a. Better capability b. Faster availability with implementation of good strategies c. Improved quality d. Refreshed morale e. Better risk taking Return on Investment (ROI) ROI is calculated on the basis of : Impact on resources Time required to implement The committee agreed that LDP program was supposed to provide them with greater ROI owing to its long-term benefits. Committee discussed and expected the voluntary attrition to go down by at least by 10% for at least the coming 2 years. There would be an expected savings of $3500 annually (approx.) and $7000 over course of two years. The calculation of costs of conducting the LDP was approx. $1700. The net business impact over course of two years would be ($7000-$1700=$5300) ROI = [(Benefits-Cost)/Cost of investment] *100 Or, [$5300/$1700] *100 = 312% (approx.) Evaluation Having an evaluation plan in place to gauge the leadership development programs effectiveness both in the short and the long run is essential to keep a track on its effectiveness and bring in the essential changes by bringing in other interventions as and when required (Roach and Davis-Cooper, 2016, p. 9). To evaluate the effectiveness of the planned LDP programme, analysis needs to be conducted by using quantitative as well as qualitative methods (Connell and Burgess, 2016, p. 171). A case study thereafter could also be done. It is important to apply various methods to build a stronger case to the management, of course if they yield similar results (Hamdani et al. 2016, p. 1158). Not only that, various methods would give us different types of insights to the effectiveness of the programme. Criteria incorporated were on patterns of prevalent framework used to evaluate the effectiveness: Reaction and satisfaction of trainees Learning of trainees Application of learned knowledge as skills at workplace Organizational benefits achieved ROI Data collected could be from pre-training and post training feedback forms, self-assessment questionnaires, face to face interactions, assessment questionnaires, situational behaviour/aptitude tests, and performance indicators already in place in the organizations (Jones et al. 2016, p. 266). As put forward by Garca-Carbonell (2016, p. 273), some of the long-term evaluation could be around:- Changes in attrition levels Performance ratings over time Programme success ratings Employee engagement scores Rate of promotions Attrition rates It is important to note that apart from evaluation, monitoring the programme is equally important and should be accompanied simultaneously with a lot of interventions over period so that the trainees do not lost the momentum and accept the organizations initiative. Business Case Summary The initiative of developing and implementing a leadership development programme may be just what G-Tec Computer Education Centre requires at present to create a stable environment for its success. It is always a different case to convince the top management of the importance of the programme as it has a financial cost to it. It is evident that implementation of such programme however impacts an organization fairly or heavily at three levels: Employee Retention Since G-Tec Computer Education Centre faces this as their operational challenge, implementation of such a program would assist in retaining skilled, trained and experienced employees better. The costs involved post resignation have already been discussed earlier and as we see, it is a time and money consuming process. Hence, in the long run, with the change of job markets and economy, it would prove beneficial for the organization to maintain a good talent pool. Employee productivity with the leadership levels better trained and aware, they are sure to impact their teams with better strategy, functioning and better productivity. A good leader keeps the employees motivated and engaged. It ultimately improves the morale and finally the productivity levels. Successful projects with a good workforce at play who are tuned to the organizations goals and objectives, projects shall be completed with better success rates. That along with the ROI analysis pointing out at better returns, it is better for G-Tec Computer Education Centre to sit and do-nothing. Critical Reflective Analysis The business case gave me an insight into the day to day challenges mostly faced by organizations at small or medium scale who are cash strapped and may be working lean on workforce yet are working towards building a strong and productive workforce. Some of the key challenges faced by small organizations were very evident and showed me that times are tough for them to keep up with operations. They are cash challenged and lean on size. That requires them to put in more work hours to get more. Tiredness creeps in and leads to irritations, less motivation, even taking time out for health and family becomes an everyday challenge. In such organizations, HR is entrusted the task of keeping people motivated and on- toes whereas they themselves feel retaining and bringing in new talent to the organization would help but sometimes they must give in to the resignation requests of employees citing critical reasons. Also, keeping up with the current market conditions, trends in market is a challenge and often requires further investment. I also realized that task of OD consultant and HR is so complex when the organization faces such challenges to retaining good talent among scenarios where people may be eager to leave. In such an environment poaching the issue of bringing in change in leadership level by installing a training or a development programme often is met with no. I also realized finally the importance of good leadership skills. How important it is to be mentored as a leader even if one is a born leader to learn essential skills to be a good leader to people who may be working under me. The challenge I think is convincing top management to take up programmes which may be involving cost. However, HR faces the issue of convincing with data and time based evaluation plans the effectiveness of programme. Another challenge I faced was deriving the cost. How the measures taken up by the organizations could be converted to measurable facts. My learning has been immense understanding about good leadership. It is indeed important aspect of leadership was the path to success is by enabling others to grow too! In fact, small organizations are the places which require best leaders to keep the environment productive, motivated and relaxed. The leader provides the sense of assurance to people around that their time and talent is best utilized and that they are important. Employees get a sense of direction from them and notice that every initiative counts towards their success and success of organization. These factors have helped me to understand the different viewpoints in human resource management and its regulations that binds the working atmosphere accordingly. With different roles and initiatives, the organisation is able to achieve the goals of the organisation with constant improvement and surveillance. Reference List Books Dickmann, M., Brewster, C. and Sparrow, P. eds., 2016.International Human Resource Management: Contemporary HR Issues in Europe. Routledge. Nas, T.F., 2016.Cost-benefit analysis: Theory and application. Lexington Books. Journals Boadway, R., 2016. Cost-benefit analysis. InThe Oxford Handbook of Well-Being and Public Policy(p. 1569). Oxford University Press. Chiang, F.F., Lema?ski, M.K. and Birtch, T.A., 2017. The transfer and diffusion of HRM practices within MNCs: lessons learned and future research directions.The International Journal of Human Resource Management,28(1), pp.234-258. Connell, J. and Burgess, J., 2016. 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